The Renaissance is an era where the multiplicity of connections linking physical education with all other areas of life is particularly evident. A fundamental phenomenon of the Renaissance in the field of physical education is the profound transformation in the approach to the human body. During the Middle Ages, the treatment of the body was confined within the bounds of religious asceticism on one hand and chivalric exercises on the other. In monastic practices, the body was considered one of the main sources of sin and was subjected to mortifications; in chivalric practices, the focus was only on the skill of wielding weapons and combat readiness; the body, covered in armor, was essentially as foreign and indifferent as that covered by a monk’s habit. In the Renaissance, these veils are removed, and the body stands before people in its statuesque nudity. It is well known how closely Renaissance art’s artistic interests were tied to the study of human anatomy. The main problem, both aesthetic and cognitive, becomes its movement. In hundreds of sketches, the great artists of the Renaissance reveal the beauty and ugliness of the human body, its resilience and agility, its suffering and falls, the play of muscles, and the harmony of physical effort. The need for care and attention to the body became increasingly evident. […] Physical fitness, which in the past was considered an element of chivalric education and thus a sort of professional attribute, was in these contexts becoming a factor and testimony to human health. Physical education thus ceased to be a specialization reserved for only certain groups of the population, becoming a fundamental component of the concept of human health. Just as Renaissance art made physical education an important element of beauty and a fundamental basis of joy and fulfillment in earthly life, Renaissance medicine gave physical education ever greater significance as a health factor that determines the entire life of a person, their mental and physical fitness, and social engagement.